ICT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL

Nowadays, the impact of ICT in the education system is very big. 20 years ago, there wasn't any type of technology, only heavy and old computers. However, now the situation is changing and we use different types o technologies in secondary school, even though I think we should take more advantage of them.

In all schools, they use ICT machines to study or teach. For instance, in some subjects, we always use the smart board to show the explanations or just watch some videos, that they can result very helpful for us. In addition, we use the computer in one subject, this one, so that we can have our own blog and make our presentations and works.

Even if the technology resources are large, we don't tend to use them so much and in my opinion, we should do it. I think that in all subjects we should use ICT.

On the other hand, I have to point out the use of the mobilephone. Although it is completely forbidden, I believe that they can be very helpful and useful when we are in class.

To sum up, I think ICT is essential in the education. However, we should take more advantage of it.

ICT

 Hi! This term we are going to do another explanation about ICT, is to say, technology in general. We had a lot of options to choose but I went for LED technology. I don't know why. In fact, I first wanted to do protect data but I waited too much and a girl, called Paula, chose it, so I did LED. I find it very interesting; something whose importance is enormous and we use it everyday.

I'm now searching for some information about this topic and I have to say that there's a lot. Here you have some web pages:

- http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/education/lighting-university/lighting-university-browser/course/understanding-of-led-technology

- http://ecmweb.com/basics/understanding-led-technology

- http://www.edisontechcenter.org/LED.html

- https://es.slideshare.net/robcohen/led-lighting-presentation

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode#Advantages 

- http://sciencewithkids.com/science-facts/facts-about-LEDs.html

Reading these pages I finally did a brainstorm that I can follow to do my presentation:

Definition

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a special kind of diode that glows when electricity passes through it. Most LEDs are made from a semi-conducting material called gallium arsenide phosphide.
LEDs can be bought in a range of colours. They can also be bought in forms that will switch between two colours (bi-colour), three colours (tri-colour) or emit infra-red light.
In common with all diodes, the LED will only allow current to pass in one direction. The cathode is normally indicated by a flat side on the casing and the anode is normally indicated by a slightly longer leg. The current required to power an LED is usually around 20 mA.

Advantages:

• Efficiency: LEDs emit more lumens per watt than incandescent light bulbs. The efficiency of LED lighting fixtures is not affected by shape and size, unlike fluorescent light bulbs or tubes.
• Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without using any color filters as traditional lighting methods need. This is more efficient and can lower initial costs.
• Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm²) and are easily attached to printed circuit boards.
• Warmup time: LEDs light up very quickly. A typical red indicator LED achieves full brightness in under a microsecond. LEDs used in communications devices can have even faster response times.
• Slow failure: LEDs mostly fail by dimming over time, rather than the abrupt failure of incandescent bulbs.
• Lifetime: LEDs can have a relatively long useful life. One report estimates 35,000 to 50,000 hours of useful life, though time to complete failure may be longer. 
• Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid-state components, are difficult to damage with external shock, unlike fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, which are fragile.

 

 




Disadvantages:

•  Initial price: LEDs are currently slightly more expensive (price per lumen) than other lighting technologies.
• Temperature dependence: LED performance largely depends on the ambient temperature of the operating environment. Overdriving an LED in high ambient temperatures may result in overheating the LED package, eventually leading to device failure.
• LEDs must be supplied with the correct voltage and current at a constant flow. This requires some electronics expertise to design the electronic drivers.

History / inventors

1907 - H.J. Round discovered electroluminescence when using silicon carbide and a cats whisker. Oleg Losev independently discovered the phenomena the same year.
London, United Kingdom

	1920s - Oleg V. Losev studied the phenomena of light emitting diodes in radio sets. His first work on 'LEDs' involved a report on light emission from SiC. In 1927 he published a detailed report but his work was not well known until the 1950s when his papers resurfaced. Saint Petersburg, Russia
	1961 - James R. Biard. "Bob" Biard and Gary Pittman developed the Infrared LED at Texas instruments. This was the first modern LED. It was discovered by 'accident' while TI tried to make an X-band GaAs varactor diode. The discovery was made during a test of a tunnel diode using a zinc diffused area of a GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) semi-insulating substrate. Dallas, Texas
	1961 - Gary Pittman worked together with James R. Biard. He had started working in 1958 with semiconductor GaAs for the creation of early solar cells. He discovered and developed the infrared LED with James R. Biard. Dallas, Texas
	1962 - Nick Holonyack Jr. develops the red LED, the first LED of visible light. He used GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) on a GaAs substrate. General Electric. Syracuse, New York
	1972 - M. George Craford creates the first yellow LED at Monsanto using GaAsP. He also develops a brighter red LED. St. Louis, Missouri
	1972 - Herbert Maruska and Jacques Pankove develop the violet LED using Mg-doped GaN films. The violet LED is the foundation for the true blue LED developed later. RCA Labs , New Jersey
	1979 - Shuji Nakamura develops the world's first bright blue LED using GaN (Gallium nitride). It wouldn't be until the 1990s that the blue LED would become low cost for commercial production. Tokushima, Japan
	1976 - Thomas P. Pearsall develops special high brightness LEDs for fiber optic use. This improves communications technology worldwide. Paris, France

How does it work?

Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called photons, are the most basic units of light.
Photons are released as a result of moving electrons. In an atom, electrons move in orbitals around the nucleus. Electrons in different orbitals have different amounts of energy. Generally speaking, electrons with greater energy move in orbitals farther away from the nucleus.

How much do we use them?



Uses ( different examples )



 



gmail> luberrieleanitza@gmail.com

EXAM QUESTIONS

1- How many different kinds of amino acids do we have?
about 20
about 50
about 100
76

2- When the amino acids attract to each other, what do they produce?
living cells
proteins
tissues
another type of amino acids

3- Where does the DNA live in the living cell?
in the cytoplasm
in the RNA
in the nucleous
in the ribosome

4- Which is the main function of the DNA?
The main function is that they have to be formed in the perfect shape in order to function.
The main function is to tell amino acids how to line up and form themselves into the perfect protein shapes.
Their main function is to clean the blood
The main function is to protect the living cell and the nucleus.

6-What is the simplified model of DNA made up of?

7- What is the function of the ribosome?

GENETICS VIDEO

Hi everybody! In our subject, we speak about different topics of science in each term. This term is the turn of genetics. Personally, I don't find it very interesting, but I'm sure that I'll change my opinion. We've divided the theme in ten groups. Even though there were a wide range of options, I chose DNA. I don't know why exactly, but it sounded familiar and as we have already studied it, I decided to go for it.

The DNA is a basic and very important topic in genetics. In fact, it is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. But I will explain it in the video better. I 've chosen a video of 5 minutes that explains perfectly each period of DNA's process. It's quite clear and the video isn't too fast. As a result, I think it was the best option.

I'm going to expose the video in front of the class and the teacher is going to keep in mind four: content, comunication, rehearsal and control. First of all, the video has to be interesting. Secondly, we've to speak fluently and finally you have to have your work prepared. That will giv you control.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY